更新时间:2026-08-30

一般将来时,说白了就是"将来会发生的事"。但怎么表达"将来",中考只考两大结构:be going to do 和 will/shall do。把它们各自的特点、分工、标志词吃透,一般将来时这一块基本就稳了。
肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + going to + 动词原形
> He is going to visit Guangzhou next Sunday.
> 下周日他打算去游览广州。
否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + going to + 动词原形
> They are not going to visit our school tomorrow.
> 明天他们不来参观我们学校。
一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?
> Is he going to be a teacher in the future?
> 将来他打算成为一名教师吗?
be going to 的核心用法只有两类:
- 计划、打算:I'm going to swim tomorrow.(我明天打算去游泳。)
- 有迹象表明即将发生:Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.(看那些乌云,要下雨了。)
判断小技巧:看到"打算、准备、计划"这类主观安排,或者"乌云密布""脸红要哭"这类客观迹象,选 be going to 基本不会错。
there be 句型的一般将来时有两个写法:
> There is going to be an English party this evening.
> = There will be an English party this evening.
> 今晚将有一个英语晚会。
肯定句:主语 + will/shall + 动词原形
> We have no vegetables in the fridge. I will go and buy some.
> 我们冰箱里没有蔬菜了,我将去买一些。
否定句:主语 + will/shall + not + 动词原形
> He won't visit his grandma next week.
> 下周他将不去拜访他的祖母。
一般疑问句:Will/Shall + 主语 + 动词原形?
> Will you come here soon?
> 你很快就会来这儿吗?
will 和 shall 的区别是高频考点,必须记牢:
- shall 只用于第一人称(I/we),表示"将要、决心"等。
- will 可用于各种人称。
> I shall be in Hainan this time next week.
> 下周这个时候我就在海南了。
will/shall do 的三类典型场景:
- 临时决定(未经事先考虑):I'll open the door.(我去开门。)
- 客观必然:It will be New Year's Day soon.(很快就是元旦了。)
- 主观意愿、希望:I hope it will be sunny tomorrow.(我希望明天天气晴朗。)
> 判断小技巧:题干里出现"冰箱没菜了,我去""门铃响了,我去开"这类临时起意,或者"节气到了""客观规律"这类必然性,或 hope/wish/I'm sure 等主观愿望,will 优先。
这些时间状语是出题人最爱的信号,出现其一,一般将来时概率极高:
- tomorrow(明天)
- the day after tomorrow(后天)
- next year/month/week...(明年/下个月/下周……)
- in the future(将来)
- in + 一段时间(……之后)
- soon(很快)
- before long(不久以后)
- this time next week(下周这个时候)——常和将来进行时/将来完成时联动,但一般将来时也会考
速记口诀:
> will,shall 加原形,表示将来要发生。
> be going to 加原形,打算、计划要进行。
> 助动词提前表疑问,后跟 not 是否定。
> 各种人称 will 均可用,shall 只要第一人称。

很多同学对过去将来时发怵,其实只要抓住"时间参照点是过去"这一个核心,把它当成"过去版的一般将来时"来记,瞬间就简单了。
一般将来时是以现在为基点看将来;
过去将来时是以过去某时为基点看将来。
肯定句:主语 + was/were + going to + 动词原形
> I thought it was going to rain.
> 我想天要下雨了。
否定句:主语 + was/were + not + going to + 动词原形
> She said she wasn't going to speak at the meeting.
> 她说她将不会在会上发言。
重点提示:
was/were going to 多用于口语中,用来谈论在过去某个时间点看来已经安排好、将要做的事。
常与过去将来时连用的时间状语(注意这些词和一般将来时长得像,但视角是过去):
- the next day(第二天)
- the following week(接下来的一周)
- soon(很快,不久)
- in a week(一周以后)
- in the future(用在过去语境中)
肯定句:主语 + would/should + 动词原形
> He told me he would go to the cinema.
> 他告诉我他要去看电影。
否定句:主语 + would/should + not + 动词原形
> They said they wouldn't play football in the street.
> 他们说他们将不在街上踢足球。
would/should 的分工:
- would 是过去式的 will,可用于各种人称。
- should 是过去式的 shall,只用于第一人称。
过去将来时很少独立成句,90% 以上都藏在宾语从句里,主句动词通常是 said、told、thought、knew、imagined 等"过去式"的词。
> Betty told us that she would not go with us.
> 贝蒂告诉我们她不会跟我们一起去。
> I never imagined that John would become a doctor.
> 我从来没有想过约翰会成为一名医生。
> He said he would help her the next day.
> 他说他第二天会帮她。
判断小技巧:只要主句是一般过去时,从句的动作又发生在主句动作之后,从句大概率用过去将来时。

| 情景 | 关键词 / 标志 | 正确结构 |
|---|---|---|
| Look at the clouds. It ___ rain. | 有迹象、客观征兆 | is going to |
| I ___ go swimming tomorrow. | 计划、打算 | am going to |
| The phone is ringing. I ___ answer it. | 临时决定 | will |
| I hope she ___ come. | 主观意愿 | will |
| He ___ be 18 next year. | 客观必然(年龄/节气/自然规律) | will |
万能判断口诀:
- 有安排、有征兆 → be going to
- 临时起意、必然发生、强烈意愿 → will
- 主句是现在/将来时 → 从句用一般将来时
> He says he will come tomorrow.(他说他明天会来。)
- 主句是过去时 → 从句用过去将来时
> He said he would come the next day.(他说他第二天会来。)
这是中考英语里最高频的时态联动考点,务必练到条件反射。
- there is/are going to be...
- there will be...
两种写法都对,但助动词前移构成疑问时容易写错:
> Will there be a meeting tomorrow?
> Is there going to be a meeting tomorrow?

例题 1:单选
> — What are you going to do this Sunday?
> — I ______ my homework first.
> A. will finish
> B. am going to finish
> C. finish
> D. finished
解析:问句已经用了 be going to,答语保持时态一致,用 am going to finish。
答案:B
例题 2:单选
> Look! The boy ______ fall off the bike! Be careful!
> A. is going to
> B. will
> C. is
> D. was going to
解析:根据"乌云/危险迹象"判断,用 be going to;语境是现在,is going to。
答案:A
例题 3:单选
> He told me that he ______ the next week.
> A. will come
> B. would come
> C. comes
> D. has come
解析:主句 told 是过去时,从句动作发生在"下一周"(将来),用过去将来时 would come。
答案:B
例题 4:用括号内动词的适当形式填空
> She said she ______ (visit) the Great Wall the next day.
解析:said 过去时 + the next day(过去式时间状语) → 过去将来时 would visit。
答案:would visit
一般将来时:
> 结构 1:主语 + am/is/are going to + 动原
> 结构 2:主语 + will/shall + 动原
> 标志:tomorrow, next..., in + 时间, soon
过去将来时:
> 结构 1:主语 + was/were going to + 动原
> 结构 2:主语 + would/should + 动原
> 标志:the next day, the following..., 主句过去式
判断三步法:
1. 看主句时态——现在/将来,还是过去?
2. 找时间标志——是现在视角还是过去视角?
3. 判语义情境——计划/迹象,还是临时决定/必然/意愿?
把这三步练到滚瓜烂熟,中考时态这 8 分,基本就是送分题。